Implant-Abutment Interface · Post-Brånemark
Connection Evolution — Side by Side
External Hex · Internal Cone · TRI matrix® Abutment-Free
| Criterion |
External Hex |
Internal Cone |
TRI matrix® |
| Era |
1965 – 1980s |
1990s – 2010s |
2019 – Present |
| Abutment required |
Yes |
Yes |
No — eliminated |
| Microgap / Microleakage |
High |
Reduced |
Eliminated at interface |
| Screw loosening risk |
High |
Moderate |
Minimal (1 screw only) |
| Cement required |
Often |
Sometimes |
Never |
| Digital workflow |
Poor |
Partial |
100% native digital |
| Components |
Implant + Abutment + Crown |
Implant + Abutment + Crown |
Implant + Crown only |
| Bacterial penetration |
Confirmed · high risk |
Confirmed · reduced |
No interface to penetrate |
| Material freedom |
Limited |
Moderate |
Unlimited — any material |
| Angulation flexibility |
Limited |
Moderate |
Unlimited angulation |
| Chairtime |
Longer — more steps |
Moderate |
Reduced — fewer steps |
| Paradigm |
Implant → Abutment → Crown |
Implant → Abutment → Crown |
Implant → Crown (direct) |